Relación entre la satisfacción o frustración de necesidades psicológicas básicas y dificultades en la regulación emocional de estudiantes con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad en el contexto escolar

Abstract

This study, grounded in Self-Determination Theory, examines the relationship between the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and the dimensions of emotional dysregulation, as well as how these variables are differentially associated with the social functioning of adolescents diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 110 students from nine public schools in the Department of Quindío, Colombia. The instruments employed demonstrated adequate validity and reliability for this population. Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson bivariate correlations to identify associations among the psychological variables under study. Additionally, a path analysis was performed using LISREL 8.5 to examine the fit of the theoretical model and the structural relationships among the constructs. During this process, social functioning was incorporated as an additional observed variable, treated as a dependent criterion in the model, based on institutional grade records assigned by the corresponding area at the end of each academic period. The results showed a negative correlation between the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs. Frustration was positively associated with emotional nonacceptance and impulsivity, while satisfaction showed no significant relationships with these dimensions. In a second phase of the analysis, when social functioning was included as a dependent variable, a direct and positive effect of need satisfaction on this variable was identified, with no significant predictive effect of emotional dysregulation.