Situación socioemocional de los niños y niñas en Quibdó y la relación con el papel protector de la familia monomarental en marcos de violencia urbana durante el período 2018 a 2024
Fecha
2026
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Universidad de Manizales; Fundación Centro Internacional de Educación y Desarrollo Humano (CINDE)
Referencia bibliográfica
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general comprender las situaciones que enfrentan los niños y niñas del barrio Las Margaritas de Quibdó, Chocó, y la relación con el papel protector de la familia monomarental en marcos de violencia urbana durante el periodo 2018-2024. Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo con perspectiva hermenéutica y método interpretativo-narrativo, sustentado en la Teoría Ecológica del Desarrollo Humano de Bronfenbrenner. Se aplicaron cuatro técnicas: entrevistas semiestructuradas a diez niños y niñas entre 8 y 14 años, revisión documental de veinte noticias publicadas en medios locales, regionales y nacionales, círculo de la palabra con diez madres cabeza de hogar y análisis jurídico de diez normas nacionales e internacionales. Los resultados evidencian una niñez marcada por el miedo, la tristeza y la restricción de la movilidad,
asociados a la presencia de pandillas, extorsión, homicidios selectivos y reclutamiento infantil; no obstante, la familia y la escuela emergen como pilares protectores fundamentales. Las familias monomarentales despliegan estrategias como el acompañamiento permanente, el diálogo
preventivo y la espiritualidad, en medio de la sobrecarga económica y la débil presencia institucional. El análisis jurídico revela una brecha significativa entre un marco normativo robusto y su implementación efectiva en el territorio. Se concluye la urgencia de políticas públicas integrales y territorialmente situadas que materialicen la corresponsabilidad entre Estado, sociedad y familia, fortaleciendo los entornos protectores comunitarios y el acompañamiento psicosocial sostenido para la niñez en contextos urbanos vulnerables.
This research aims to understand the situations faced by children in the Las Margaritas neighborhood of Quibdó, Chocó, and their relationship with the protective role exercised by single mother families within frameworks of urban violence during the period 2018-2024. A qualitative approach was adopted, with a hermeneutic perspective and an interpretive-narrative method, grounded in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory of Human Development. Four techniques were applied: semi-structured interviews with ten children aged 8 to 14, a documentary review of twenty news articles published in local, regional, and national media, a word circle with ten female heads of household, and legal analysis of ten national and international regulations. The findings reveal a childhood marked by fear, sadness, and restricted mobility, associated with the presence of gangs, extortion, selective homicides, and child recruitment; nevertheless, the family and the school emerge as fundamental protective pillars. Single-mother families deploy strategies such as constant accompaniment, preventive dialogue, and spirituality, amid economic overload and weak institutional presence in the territory. The legal analysis reveals a significant gap between a robust normative framework and its effective implementation. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for comprehensive, territorially sensitive public policies that materialize coresponsibility among State, society, and family, strengthening community-based protective environments and sustained psychosocial support for children in vulnerable urban contexts.
This research aims to understand the situations faced by children in the Las Margaritas neighborhood of Quibdó, Chocó, and their relationship with the protective role exercised by single mother families within frameworks of urban violence during the period 2018-2024. A qualitative approach was adopted, with a hermeneutic perspective and an interpretive-narrative method, grounded in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory of Human Development. Four techniques were applied: semi-structured interviews with ten children aged 8 to 14, a documentary review of twenty news articles published in local, regional, and national media, a word circle with ten female heads of household, and legal analysis of ten national and international regulations. The findings reveal a childhood marked by fear, sadness, and restricted mobility, associated with the presence of gangs, extortion, selective homicides, and child recruitment; nevertheless, the family and the school emerge as fundamental protective pillars. Single-mother families deploy strategies such as constant accompaniment, preventive dialogue, and spirituality, amid economic overload and weak institutional presence in the territory. The legal analysis reveals a significant gap between a robust normative framework and its effective implementation. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for comprehensive, territorially sensitive public policies that materialize coresponsibility among State, society, and family, strengthening community-based protective environments and sustained psychosocial support for children in vulnerable urban contexts.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Desarrollo Humano, Familia monomarental, Violencia urbana, Desarrollo socioemocional, Childhood, Single-Mother family, Socioemotional development
