Competencias IA en docentes de educación primaria y secundaria: una revisión sistemática de la literatura reciente

Fecha
2026
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Manizales
Referencia bibliográfica
Resumen
La incorporación de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en el aula está generando transformaciones significativas en el ámbito educativo. Dada su complejidad, este proceso no solo exige preparación técnica, sino también una visión ética y crítica centrada en lo humano, lo que sitúa al profesorado como actor clave en su adopción y en el desarrollo de competencias para su uso pedagógico. Este trabajo examina la producción académica reciente (2022-2025) de la caracterización de competencia IA en docentes mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA 2020 en las bases de datos Scopus y Redalyc, con el objetivo de identificar los modelos teóricos predominantes, las metodologías utilizadas y los principales hallazgos empíricos de este campo. El análisis de los 22 estudios seleccionados evidencia la hegemonía del modelo TPACK y sus adaptaciones como marco dominante. Asimismo, se identificaron seis dimensiones recurrentes en la caracterización docente: técnica, pedagógica, ética, actitudinal, de contenido y contextual, siendo esta última la menos abordada. En el aspecto metodológico, se constató un predominio absoluto de los cuestionarios de autorreporte mediante escalas Likert. Finalmente, en la discusión se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de seguir construyendo modelos o adaptaciones para la competencia IA docente y el desafío de desplazar la investigación desde la medición de percepciones individuales hacia el análisis de prácticas situadas, incorporando estudios longitudinales y marcos sensibles al contexto educativo.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational settings is reshaping teaching and learning processes, raising not only technical challenges but also ethical and pedagogical considerations centered on the human dimension. In this context, teachers play a crucial role in facilitating the adoption of AI and developing the competencies necessary for its effective pedagogical use. This study examines recent academic literature (2022–2025) on the characterization of AI-related competencies in teachers through a systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, based on Scopus and Redalyc databases. The aim is to identify the predominant theoretical models, methodological approaches, and main empirical findings in this field. The analysis of 22 selected studies reveals the dominance of the TPACK model and its adaptations as the primary conceptual framework. Furthermore, six recurring dimensions of teacher competence are identified: technical, pedagogical, ethical, attitudinal, content-related, and contextual, with the latter being the least explored. From a methodological perspective, the findings show a strong reliance on self-report instruments based on Likert scales. Overall, the study highlights the need to advance beyond perception-based approaches towards the analysis of situated practices, incorporating longitudinal designs and context-sensitive frameworks to better understand the development of AI competencies in education.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational settings is reshaping teaching and learning processes, raising not only technical challenges but also ethical and pedagogical considerations centered on the human dimension. In this context, teachers play a crucial role in facilitating the adoption of AI and developing the competencies necessary for its effective pedagogical use. This study examines recent academic literature (2022–2025) on the characterization of AI-related competencies in teachers through a systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, based on Scopus and Redalyc databases. The aim is to identify the predominant theoretical models, methodological approaches, and main empirical findings in this field. The analysis of 22 selected studies reveals the dominance of the TPACK model and its adaptations as the primary conceptual framework. Furthermore, six recurring dimensions of teacher competence are identified: technical, pedagogical, ethical, attitudinal, content-related, and contextual, with the latter being the least explored. From a methodological perspective, the findings show a strong reliance on self-report instruments based on Likert scales. Overall, the study highlights the need to advance beyond perception-based approaches towards the analysis of situated practices, incorporating longitudinal designs and context-sensitive frameworks to better understand the development of AI competencies in education.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Educación y transformación digital, Revisión sistemática de literatura, Competencias del docente, IA en educación, Formación de docentes, Innovación educativa