Análisis de fragmentación en la cobertura vegetal del área norte del Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo, por medio de herramientas SIG

Fecha
2025
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Universidad de Manizales
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Resumen
El Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo (PNN Paramillo) es una zona natural protegida y un área clave en la conservación de diferentes biomas que ofrecen una amplia variedad de servicios ecosistémicos. Esta zona se encuentra amenazada por factores como la tala, la expansión agropecuaria y de cultivos ilícitos, entre otros, que conducen a la deforestación y la consecuente pérdida de conectividad. Este trabajo tuvo como finalidad realizar un análisis de la fragmentación en la cobertura vegetal en el PNN Paramillo, para la identificación de corredores que promuevan la conectividad estructural. A partir de imágenes Landsat 8 - 9 de los años 2015, 2018 y 2024, se llevó a cabo la clasificación de las coberturas y el posterior cálculo de métricas del paisaje, cuyo resultado permitió la identificación de posibles rutas de conectividad estructural, basadas en análisis de menor costo. Los resultados obtenidos identificaron a la cobertura denominada bosque denso, como aquella dominante (superior al 49% del área), pero con un incremento en el número de fragmentos aislados desde los márgenes hacia el centro del parque, mientras que los arbustales presentaron una pérdida de cohesión asociado a las presiones antrópicas, en tanto que las áreas intervenidas mostraron una reducción de su extensión con un aumento en su conectividad interna, ratificando el impacto de la intervención humana. Finalmente, el modelado de conectividad dio lugar a la delimitación de corredores con la conexión de grandes fragmentos de bosque denso en coberturas de baja resistencia, lo cual ofrece soluciones viables para restaurar la conectividad estructural.
The Paramillo National Natural Park (PNN Paramillo) is a protected natural area and a key conservation area for different biomes that provide a wide variety of ecosystem services. This area is threatened by factors such as logging, agricultural expansion, and illicit crops, among others, which lead to deforestation and the consequent loss of connectivity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fragmentation of vegetation cover in the Paramillo National Natural Park (PNN Paramillo), to identify corridors that promote structural connectivity. Using Landsat 8-9 images from 2015, 2018, and 2024, the cover classification and subsequent calculation of landscape metrics were carried out, allowing the identification of potential structural connectivity routes based on least-cost analyses. The results obtained identified the so-called dense forest cover as the dominant one (over 49% of the area), but with an increase in the number of isolated fragments from the edges to the center of the park. The shrublands presented a loss of cohesion associated with anthropogenic pressures, while the intervened areas showed a reduction in their extension with an increase in their internal connectivity, confirming the impact of human intervention. Finally, connectivity modeling led to the delineation of corridors connecting large fragments of dense forest to low-resistance covers, which offers viable solutions to restore structural connectivity.
The Paramillo National Natural Park (PNN Paramillo) is a protected natural area and a key conservation area for different biomes that provide a wide variety of ecosystem services. This area is threatened by factors such as logging, agricultural expansion, and illicit crops, among others, which lead to deforestation and the consequent loss of connectivity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fragmentation of vegetation cover in the Paramillo National Natural Park (PNN Paramillo), to identify corridors that promote structural connectivity. Using Landsat 8-9 images from 2015, 2018, and 2024, the cover classification and subsequent calculation of landscape metrics were carried out, allowing the identification of potential structural connectivity routes based on least-cost analyses. The results obtained identified the so-called dense forest cover as the dominant one (over 49% of the area), but with an increase in the number of isolated fragments from the edges to the center of the park. The shrublands presented a loss of cohesion associated with anthropogenic pressures, while the intervened areas showed a reduction in their extension with an increase in their internal connectivity, confirming the impact of human intervention. Finally, connectivity modeling led to the delineation of corridors connecting large fragments of dense forest to low-resistance covers, which offers viable solutions to restore structural connectivity.
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Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG), Paramillo National Natural Park., Análisis Multitemporal, Imágenes satelitales, Ecosistemas, Multitemporal Analysis