Participación de las comunidades campesinas en la toma de decisiones ambientales en el Santuario de Flora y Fauna Galeras en el Departamento de Nariño
Fecha
2026
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Universidad de Manizales
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Resumen
El artículo aborda la problemática de las comunidades campesinas que viven al interior y vecinas al Santuario de Flora y Fauna Galeras, ubicado dentro de los municipios de Pasto, Nariño, La Florida, Sandoná, Consacá, Yacuanquer y Tangua en el departamento de Nariño (Colombia), de tradición agropecuaria y otras actividades de las cuales depende su subsistencia económica.
Partiendo del plan de manejo del Santuario adoptado por Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, se analiza la existencia de la participación activa de las comunidades en la toma de decisiones sobre el manejo del área protegida, conforme lo previsto en la Constitución Política de 1991 y los pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional, en la búsqueda de una participación armónica entre los diferentes actores.
El tema general de la investigación se centra en la participación de la comunidad en las decisiones que se adoptan en el Plan de Manejo del Santuario “Participación de las comunidades campesinas en la toma de decisiones y protección de derechos a las personas que habitan en el Santuario de Flora y Fauna Galeras en el Departamento de Nariño”.
En su desarrollo se utiliza el enfoque cualitativo, método interpretativo a partir del paradigma crítico social, con base en la revisión de fuentes primarias y secundarias, la primera a través de entrevistas a los habitantes del área de influencia, y la segunda de la revisión de fuentes documentales, Constitución Política de 1991, jurisprudencia constitucional y Plan de Manejo del Santuario de Flora y Fauna Galeras.
A manera de conclusión se observa la existencia de estrategias adelantadas por Parques Nacionales Naturales con las comunidades campesinas y de conservación voluntaria por el campesinado con la creación de reservas naturales de la sociedad Civil. No obstante, aún se presentan conflictos entre la comunidad y las entidades, y entre los mismos habitantes del territorio.
This article addresses the challenges faced by rural communities living within and adjacent to the Galeras Flora and Fauna Sanctuary, located in the municipalities of Pasto, Nariño, La Florida, Sandoná, Consacá, Yacuanquer, and Tangua in the department of Nariño, Colombia. These communities have a long tradition of agriculture and livestock farming, and their economic. Livelihoods depend on other activities. Based on the Sanctuary's management plan adopted by Colombia's National Natural Parks, the article analyzes the active participation of these communities in decision-making processes regarding the management of the protected area, as stipulated in the 1991 Political Constitution and the rulings of the Constitutional Court, in pursuit of harmonious participation among the various stakeholders. The general theme of this research focuses on community participation in the decisions made regarding the Management Plan for the Galeras Flora and Fauna Sanctuary, specifically the participation of rural communities in decision-making and the protection of the rights of people living in the Sanctuary in the Department of Nariño. The research employs a qualitative approach, using an interpretive method based on the critical social paradigm. This approach relies on a review of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include interviews with residents of the area of influence, while secondary sources include documentary sources such as the 1991 Political Constitution, constitutional jurisprudence, and the Galeras Flora and Fauna Sanctuary Management Plan. In conclusion, the research observes the existence of strategies implemented by the National Natural Parks Administration in collaboration with rural communities, as well as voluntary conservation efforts by the rural population through the creation of civil society nature reserves. However, conflicts persist between the community and government entities, and among the residents themselves.
This article addresses the challenges faced by rural communities living within and adjacent to the Galeras Flora and Fauna Sanctuary, located in the municipalities of Pasto, Nariño, La Florida, Sandoná, Consacá, Yacuanquer, and Tangua in the department of Nariño, Colombia. These communities have a long tradition of agriculture and livestock farming, and their economic. Livelihoods depend on other activities. Based on the Sanctuary's management plan adopted by Colombia's National Natural Parks, the article analyzes the active participation of these communities in decision-making processes regarding the management of the protected area, as stipulated in the 1991 Political Constitution and the rulings of the Constitutional Court, in pursuit of harmonious participation among the various stakeholders. The general theme of this research focuses on community participation in the decisions made regarding the Management Plan for the Galeras Flora and Fauna Sanctuary, specifically the participation of rural communities in decision-making and the protection of the rights of people living in the Sanctuary in the Department of Nariño. The research employs a qualitative approach, using an interpretive method based on the critical social paradigm. This approach relies on a review of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include interviews with residents of the area of influence, while secondary sources include documentary sources such as the 1991 Political Constitution, constitutional jurisprudence, and the Galeras Flora and Fauna Sanctuary Management Plan. In conclusion, the research observes the existence of strategies implemented by the National Natural Parks Administration in collaboration with rural communities, as well as voluntary conservation efforts by the rural population through the creation of civil society nature reserves. However, conflicts persist between the community and government entities, and among the residents themselves.
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Palabras clave
Derecho Constitucional, Participación Comunitaria, Conflictos Ambientales, Constitución Ecológica, Campesinos
