Factores asociados a la automedicación previa al ingreso hospitalario en un servicio de infectología de Caldas, Colombia: estudio transversal
Fecha
2026
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Editor
Universidad de Manizales
Referencia bibliográfica
Resumen
La automedicación representa un problema de salud pública a nivel global; este se relaciona con varios factores que generan un incremento de esta, siendo la automedicación con antibióticos una de las más preocupantes, especialmente en contextos donde hay barreras para el acceso en salud, lo cual dificulta realizar un tratamiento efectivo y termina con un aumento de las tasas de resistencia. Este estudio busca determinar los factores asociados a las prácticas de automedicación en pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de infectología en una institución de tercer nivel por medio de un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, analítico y de corte transversal que incluyó pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados bajo manejo por el servicio de infectología. Se aplicó un instrumento validado para encuestar a 168 pacientes en esta fase inicial y el análisis se realizó mediante el software estadístico con SPSS. Se encontró que la automedicación fue frecuente (59,5%), principalmente con acetaminofén y plantas medicinales, motivada sobre todo por dolor de cabeza y dolor corporal. Se evidenció bajo hábito de lectura de la información de los medicamentos y asociación significativa entre el uso de plantas medicinales y antibióticos con el grupo etario.
Self-medication represents a global public health problem; it is related to several factors that contribute to its increase, with self-medication with antibiotics being one of the most concerning, especially in contexts where there are barriers to healthcare access, hindering effective treatment and ultimately leading to increased resistance rates. This study aims to determine the factors associated with self-medication practices in patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases service of a tertiary care institution through a quantitative, descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study that included patients over 18 years of age hospitalized and under the management of the infectious diseases service. A validated instrument was used to survey 168 patients in this initial phase, and the analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software. It was found that self-medication was frequent (59.5%), mainly with acetaminophen and medicinal plants, primarily motivated by headaches and body aches. There was evidence of a low reading habit of drug information and a significant association between the use of medicinal plants and antibiotics with the age group.
Self-medication represents a global public health problem; it is related to several factors that contribute to its increase, with self-medication with antibiotics being one of the most concerning, especially in contexts where there are barriers to healthcare access, hindering effective treatment and ultimately leading to increased resistance rates. This study aims to determine the factors associated with self-medication practices in patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases service of a tertiary care institution through a quantitative, descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study that included patients over 18 years of age hospitalized and under the management of the infectious diseases service. A validated instrument was used to survey 168 patients in this initial phase, and the analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software. It was found that self-medication was frequent (59.5%), mainly with acetaminophen and medicinal plants, primarily motivated by headaches and body aches. There was evidence of a low reading habit of drug information and a significant association between the use of medicinal plants and antibiotics with the age group.
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Palabras clave
Automedicación, Infecciones bacterianas, Prescripción inadecuada, Salud pública, Bacterial infections, Inappropriate prescribing, Public health
