Eficacia del control fiscal ejercido por las contralorías territoriales de los municipios categoría 1 de Antioquia

Fecha
2026
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Universidad de Manizales
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Resumen
En este estudio se analiza la eficacia del control fiscal de las contralorías territoriales de los municipios de Bello, Envigado, Itagüí y Rionegro, durante el periodo 2020-2024, investigación que parte de la premisa de que el control fiscal es un pilar del Estado Social de Derecho orientado a la salvaguarda del erario y la reparación del daño patrimonial.
Metodológicamente se aplica un enfoque mixto con alcance descriptivo-analítico y datos que permiten medir la efectividad en términos de montos recuperados y procesos concluidos. El estudio se estructura en tres ejes: la evolución normativa y jurisprudencial del control fiscal; la eficacia de los procesos de responsabilidad fiscal considerando tiempos de apertura, imputación y fallo; y la capacidad real de resarcimiento, a partir de la evaluación de hallazgos, fallos con responsabilidad y procesos archivados.
Los antecedentes resaltan la importancia del sistema de pesos y contrapesos en el Estado Social de Derecho y el papel de las contralorías como organismos autónomos de control. Sin embargo, se identifican debilidades institucionales: dispersión normativa, origen político de los contralores, baja capacidad técnica y limitada credibilidad ciudadana.
La justificación del estudio radica en la necesidad de evaluar el cumplimiento de la misión constitucional de las contralorías municipales en la protección de los recursos públicos, así como el impacto real de su gestión en el resarcimiento del patrimonio estatal.
Los hallazgos revelan heterogeneidad y debilidades estructurales, y aunque el marco normativo actual busca fortalecer la vigilancia mediante tecnologías, persisten problemas de independencia técnica y captura política. El análisis de datos evidencia retrasos sistemáticos: la mayoría de los procesos tardan entre 1 y 3 años en abrirse, concentrándose su desarrollo cerca de los términos de prescripción.
En cuanto a la recuperación de recursos, mientras que Itagüí y Bello mostraron una eficacia alta en la restitución total de los montos fallados (9.7 y 226 millones respectivamente), Rionegro presenta el mayor reto con un monto pendiente de recuperación significativo, y Envigado muestra una actividad mínima sin fallos en el periodo.
La tesis concluye que la eficacia no depende del volumen de procesos, sino de la celeridad procesal y la capacidad de cobro coactivo, recomendando la implementación de métricas automatizadas, oralidad en el proceso para la reducción de términos, así como el fortalecimiento técnico en auditoría forense para proteger efectivamente el patrimonio público lo que conlleva una solución legislativa ante el rol de las contralorías territoriales.
This study analyzes the effectiveness of fiscal control by the Territorial Comptroller's Offices of the municipalities of Bello, Envigado, Itagüí, and Rionegro during the period 2020-2024, a research that is based on the premise that fiscal control is a pillar of the Social Rule of Law aimed at safeguarding public funds and repairing patrimonial damage. Methodologically, a mixed approach is applied with a descriptive-analytical scope and data that allow measuring effectiveness in terms of amounts recovered and processes concluded, and it is structured around three axes: the normative and jurisprudential evolution of fiscal control; the effectiveness of fiscal responsibility processes considering times of opening, imputation, and judgment; and the real capacity for reparation by evaluating findings, judgments with responsibility, and archived processes. The background highlights the importance of the system of checks and balances in the Social State of Law and the role of comptroller offices as autonomous oversight bodies. However, institutional weaknesses are identified: normative dispersion, political origin of the comptrollers, low technical capacity, and limited public credibility. The justification for the study lies in the need to assess whether municipal comptroller offices fulfill their constitutional mission of protecting public resources and whether their performance has had a real impact on the restitution of state assets. The justification for the study lies in the need to evaluate whether municipal comptroller offices fulfill their constitutional mission of protecting public resources and whether their performance has had a real impact on the restitution of state assets. The findings reveal heterogeneity and structural weaknesses, and although the current regulatory framework seeks to strengthen oversight through technologies, problems of technical independence and political capture persist. Data analysis shows systematic delays: most processes take between 1 and 3 years to be initiated, with their development concentrated near the statute of limitations. Regarding the recovery of resources, while Itagüí and Bello showed high effectiveness in the full restitution of the awarded amounts (9.7 and 226 million respectively), Rionegro presents the greatest challenge with a significant amount pending recovery, and Envigado shows minimal activity with no awards in the period. The thesis concludes that effectiveness does not depend on the volume of cases, but on procedural speed and the capacity for enforced collection, recommending the implementation of automated metrics, oral proceedings to reduce timeframes, as well as the technical strengthening in forensic auditing to effectively protect public assets, which entails a legislative solution concerning the role of territorial comptroller offices.
This study analyzes the effectiveness of fiscal control by the Territorial Comptroller's Offices of the municipalities of Bello, Envigado, Itagüí, and Rionegro during the period 2020-2024, a research that is based on the premise that fiscal control is a pillar of the Social Rule of Law aimed at safeguarding public funds and repairing patrimonial damage. Methodologically, a mixed approach is applied with a descriptive-analytical scope and data that allow measuring effectiveness in terms of amounts recovered and processes concluded, and it is structured around three axes: the normative and jurisprudential evolution of fiscal control; the effectiveness of fiscal responsibility processes considering times of opening, imputation, and judgment; and the real capacity for reparation by evaluating findings, judgments with responsibility, and archived processes. The background highlights the importance of the system of checks and balances in the Social State of Law and the role of comptroller offices as autonomous oversight bodies. However, institutional weaknesses are identified: normative dispersion, political origin of the comptrollers, low technical capacity, and limited public credibility. The justification for the study lies in the need to assess whether municipal comptroller offices fulfill their constitutional mission of protecting public resources and whether their performance has had a real impact on the restitution of state assets. The justification for the study lies in the need to evaluate whether municipal comptroller offices fulfill their constitutional mission of protecting public resources and whether their performance has had a real impact on the restitution of state assets. The findings reveal heterogeneity and structural weaknesses, and although the current regulatory framework seeks to strengthen oversight through technologies, problems of technical independence and political capture persist. Data analysis shows systematic delays: most processes take between 1 and 3 years to be initiated, with their development concentrated near the statute of limitations. Regarding the recovery of resources, while Itagüí and Bello showed high effectiveness in the full restitution of the awarded amounts (9.7 and 226 million respectively), Rionegro presents the greatest challenge with a significant amount pending recovery, and Envigado shows minimal activity with no awards in the period. The thesis concludes that effectiveness does not depend on the volume of cases, but on procedural speed and the capacity for enforced collection, recommending the implementation of automated metrics, oral proceedings to reduce timeframes, as well as the technical strengthening in forensic auditing to effectively protect public assets, which entails a legislative solution concerning the role of territorial comptroller offices.
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Palabras clave
Derecho Constitucional, Control fiscal, Jurisprudencia, Patrimonio público