Relación entre parámetros productivos y huellas ambientales en ganadería de leche en ecosistema alto andino
Fecha
2025
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Universidad de Manizales
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Esta investigación analizó la relación entre parámetros productivos, la Huella de Carbono y la Huella Hídrica, en la producción primaria de leche en fincas de alta montaña en la zona central del departamento de Boyacá. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo y correlacional, en 50 sistemas ganaderos de pequeña escala, cuyo principal objetivo es la producción de leche. Se calcularon los parámetros: porcentaje de hembras en ordeño, eficiencia por área, por año y por hembra, y la carga animal. A través del ACV se estimó la producción de GEI. Con el uso de la metodología de la WFN se contabilizó la Huella Hídrica dividida en tres categorías: azul, verde y gris. Los datos fueron procesados por Rstudio. Como resultados se identificaron la Huella de Carbono Total (x̅ 16.02 kgCO2eq/L), HCFE (x̅ 2.32 kgCO2eq/L), HCGE (x̅ 8.56 kgCO2eq/L) y HCN(x̅ 5.14 kgCO2eq/L). La HCGE representa el mayor contribuyente a la HC total. Las variables porcentaje de vacas en ordeño (x̅ 41,3%) y carga animal (x̅ 2,37 UGG/Ha) muestran los más altos coeficientes de correlación, con la HC. Adicionalmente, se identificaron la HH (x̅ 1,01 m³/L), Huella Azul (x̅ 0,01 m³/L), Huella Verde (x̅ 0,19 m³/L) y Huella Gris (x̅ 0,81m³/L). Las variables Porcentaje de hembras, Productividad Kg/Hembra/año y Productividad Kg/Ha/año muestran los más altos coeficientes de correlación con la Huella Hídrica. Se evidencia potencial para mejorar la sostenibilidad ambiental de la producción lechera mediante la adopción de prácticas eficientes en la gestión de estiércol y del componente animal.
This research analyzed the relationship between productive parameters, carbon footprint and water footprint in primary milk production in high mountain farms in the central zone of the department of Boyacá. A quantitative and correlational study was carried out in 50 small-scale livestock systems, whose main objective is milk production. The following parameters were calculated: percentage of milking females, efficiency per area, per year and per female, and stocking rate. GHG production was estimated through LCA. Using the WFN methodology, the Water Footprint was calculated, divided into three categories: blue, green and gray. The data was processed by Rstudio. Total Carbon Footprint (x 16.02 kgCO2eq/L), CFEF (x 2.32 kgCO2eq/L), CFMM (x 8.56 kgCO2eq/L) and CFSN (x 5.14 kgCO2eq/L) were identified as results. CFMM represents the major contributor to total CF. The variables percentage of cows in milking (x 41.3%) and stocking rate (x 2.37 UGG/Ha) show the highest correlation coefficients, with CF. Additionally, WF (x 1.01 m³/L), a Blue Footprint of (x 0.01 m³/L), a Green Footprint of (x 0.19 m³/L) and a Gray Footprint of (x 0.81m³/L) were identified. The variables Percentage of females, Productivity Kg/Female/year and Productivity Kg/Ha/year show the highest correlation coefficients with the Water Footprint. There is potential to improve the environmental sustainability of dairy production through the adoption of efficient practices in the management of manure and the animal component.
This research analyzed the relationship between productive parameters, carbon footprint and water footprint in primary milk production in high mountain farms in the central zone of the department of Boyacá. A quantitative and correlational study was carried out in 50 small-scale livestock systems, whose main objective is milk production. The following parameters were calculated: percentage of milking females, efficiency per area, per year and per female, and stocking rate. GHG production was estimated through LCA. Using the WFN methodology, the Water Footprint was calculated, divided into three categories: blue, green and gray. The data was processed by Rstudio. Total Carbon Footprint (x 16.02 kgCO2eq/L), CFEF (x 2.32 kgCO2eq/L), CFMM (x 8.56 kgCO2eq/L) and CFSN (x 5.14 kgCO2eq/L) were identified as results. CFMM represents the major contributor to total CF. The variables percentage of cows in milking (x 41.3%) and stocking rate (x 2.37 UGG/Ha) show the highest correlation coefficients, with CF. Additionally, WF (x 1.01 m³/L), a Blue Footprint of (x 0.01 m³/L), a Green Footprint of (x 0.19 m³/L) and a Gray Footprint of (x 0.81m³/L) were identified. The variables Percentage of females, Productivity Kg/Female/year and Productivity Kg/Ha/year show the highest correlation coefficients with the Water Footprint. There is potential to improve the environmental sustainability of dairy production through the adoption of efficient practices in the management of manure and the animal component.
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Sostenibilidad ambienal
