Utilización de Herramientas Geomáticas para análisis de deforestación en el Municipio de Mapiripán, Meta en el periodo 2013 a 2023
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Universidad de Manizales
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Abstract
El presente documento aborda la deforestación como una problemática social y ambiental que actualmente se encuentra en una etapa crítica en la amazonia colombiana, enfocando en área de estudio en el municipio de Mapiripán, departamento del Meta, específicamente para el periodo de 2013 a 2023. Factores como la expansión de la frontera agrícola y pecuaria, la extracción ilegal de madera, cultivos ilícitos, en conjunto con la poca presencia institucional han potenciado la pérdida en la cobertura vegetal. Por lo anterior, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la deforestación empleando herramientas geomáticas para la generación de información geoespacial detallada que favorezca la planificación y toma de decisiones en materia ambiental.
El desarrollo de la metodología incluyo la recopilación y depuración de información geoespacial, el procesamiento de imágenes satelitales, clasificación supervisada y un análisis multicriterio, sumado a la utilización de la Inteligencia Artificial IA para la clasificación y organización de bases de datos. Por último, se diseñó un Geovisor web interactivo empleando ArcGIS Online para la visualización y consulta de los datos de deforestación.
Asimismo, los resultados confirman que el uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica y la teledetección son altamente eficientes para la cuantificación y representación de los patrones de deforestación, permitiendo identificar la tendencia a la creciente pérdida de la cobertura boscosa, lo cual concuerda con estudios previos. Finalmente, la ausencia de áreas protegidas incrementa la vulnerabilidad del bosque, destacando la urgencia de establecer normas de protección para la conservación efectiva.
The present document addresses deforestation as a social and environmental issue that is currently at a critical stage in the Colombian Amazon, with the study area focused on the municipality of Mapiripán, Meta Department, specifically for the period between 2013 and 2023. Factors such as the expansion of the agricultural and livestock frontier, illegal logging, illicit crops, and limited institutional presence have intensified the loss of vegetation cover. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the phenomenon of deforestation by employing geomatics tools to generate detailed geospatial information that supports environmental planning and decision-making. The methodological approach included the collection and refinement of geospatial information, satellite image processing, supervised classification, and multicriteria analysis, complemented by the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for database classification and organization. Finally, an interactive web-based Geo-Viewer was designed using ArcGIS Online for the visualization and consultation of deforestation data. The results confirm that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are highly effective for quantifying and representing deforestation patterns, enabling the identification of the increasing trend in forest cover loss, consistent with previous studies. Lastly, the absence of protected areas further increases forest vulnerability, underscoring the urgency of establishing protective regulations to ensure effective conservation.
The present document addresses deforestation as a social and environmental issue that is currently at a critical stage in the Colombian Amazon, with the study area focused on the municipality of Mapiripán, Meta Department, specifically for the period between 2013 and 2023. Factors such as the expansion of the agricultural and livestock frontier, illegal logging, illicit crops, and limited institutional presence have intensified the loss of vegetation cover. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the phenomenon of deforestation by employing geomatics tools to generate detailed geospatial information that supports environmental planning and decision-making. The methodological approach included the collection and refinement of geospatial information, satellite image processing, supervised classification, and multicriteria analysis, complemented by the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for database classification and organization. Finally, an interactive web-based Geo-Viewer was designed using ArcGIS Online for the visualization and consultation of deforestation data. The results confirm that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are highly effective for quantifying and representing deforestation patterns, enabling the identification of the increasing trend in forest cover loss, consistent with previous studies. Lastly, the absence of protected areas further increases forest vulnerability, underscoring the urgency of establishing protective regulations to ensure effective conservation.
