Desarrollo territorial y estrategias sostenibles ante la alteración de los medios de vida agropecuarios: perspectivas de las comunidades locales en Yaguará, Huila (Colombia).
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Universidad de Manizales
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Abstract
Este estudio analizó impactos socioambientales, económicos, comunitarios y territoriales derivados de la construcción de la Central Hidroeléctrica de Betania en Yaguará, Huila, frente a la alteración de los medios de vida agropecuarios. El objetivo fue analizar las percepciones locales (pasado,
presente, futuro) sobre las causas y efectos del embalse, proponiendo estrategias bajo los enfoques de desarrollo territorial sostenible, evaluando los medios de vida y la percepción del sentido de comunidad. Metodológicamente, se empleó un enfoque mixto, descriptivo-interpretativo y
transversal, aplicando una entrevista semiestructurada, una encuesta Likert y un cuestionario mixto, complementados con una prueba piloto de Captación de Agua Lluvia (SCALL). El análisis cualitativo usó Teoría Fundamentada y la cuantitativa estadística descriptiva. Los resultados
revelaron fallas de gobernanza el (16.81% exige mesas de concertación), desconfianza institucional, pérdida de la vocación agropecuaria tradicional y deterioro ambiental (sedimentación y contaminación hídrica). Ante este duelo colectivo, emergen demandas de reparación patrimonial
(3.58% solicita una Casa de la Memoria) y alternativas de diversificación económica como el turismo rural (4.27%) y la agroindustria. El SCALL validó la viabilidad de ecotecnologías rurales para el autoabastecimiento parcial hídrico familiar. Se concluye que el estado y la represa configuró
relaciones asimétricas de poder, pérdida de autonomía local en los procesos de construcción y años posteriores. La sostenibilidad en Yaguará demanda un modelo de gestión pública vinculante, libre de clientelismos, que unifique la memoria histórica con una reconversión productiva tecnificada y
financiada.
This study analyzed the socio-environmental, economic, community, and territorial impacts derived from the construction of the Betania Hydroelectric Power Plant in Yaguará, Huila, in relation to the alteration of agricultural livelihoods. The objective was to analyze local perceptions (past, present, and future) regarding the causes and effects of the reservoir, proposing strategies under the approaches of sustainable territorial development, evaluating livelihoods, and the perception of the sense of community. Methodologically, a mixed, descriptive-interpretive, and cross-sectional approach was employed, applying a semi-structured interview, a Likert survey, and a mixed questionnaire, complemented by a pilot test of a Rainwater Harvesting System (SCALL, for its acronym in Spanish). Qualitative analysis utilized Grounded Theory, and the quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics. The results revealed governance failures ($16.81\%$ demanding dialogue roundtables), institutional distrust, loss of traditional agricultural vocations, and environmental degradation (sedimentation and water pollution). Amidst this collective grief, demands for heritage reparation emerge ($3.58\%$ requesting a Memory House) along with economic diversification alternatives such as rural tourism ($4.27\%$) and agro-industry. The SCALL validated the feasibility of rural eco-technologies for partial family water self-sufficiency. It is concluded that the state and the reservoir configured asymmetric power relations and a loss of local autonomy during the construction processes and subsequent years. Sustainability in Yaguará demands a binding public management model, free from clientelism, that unifies historical memory with technified and funded productive reconversion.
This study analyzed the socio-environmental, economic, community, and territorial impacts derived from the construction of the Betania Hydroelectric Power Plant in Yaguará, Huila, in relation to the alteration of agricultural livelihoods. The objective was to analyze local perceptions (past, present, and future) regarding the causes and effects of the reservoir, proposing strategies under the approaches of sustainable territorial development, evaluating livelihoods, and the perception of the sense of community. Methodologically, a mixed, descriptive-interpretive, and cross-sectional approach was employed, applying a semi-structured interview, a Likert survey, and a mixed questionnaire, complemented by a pilot test of a Rainwater Harvesting System (SCALL, for its acronym in Spanish). Qualitative analysis utilized Grounded Theory, and the quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics. The results revealed governance failures ($16.81\%$ demanding dialogue roundtables), institutional distrust, loss of traditional agricultural vocations, and environmental degradation (sedimentation and water pollution). Amidst this collective grief, demands for heritage reparation emerge ($3.58\%$ requesting a Memory House) along with economic diversification alternatives such as rural tourism ($4.27\%$) and agro-industry. The SCALL validated the feasibility of rural eco-technologies for partial family water self-sufficiency. It is concluded that the state and the reservoir configured asymmetric power relations and a loss of local autonomy during the construction processes and subsequent years. Sustainability in Yaguará demands a binding public management model, free from clientelism, that unifies historical memory with technified and funded productive reconversion.